Understanding What a Genetic Marker Is
A genetic marker is a specific DNA feature that scientists use to identify genes or track inherited traits. It serves as a reference point within the genome.
How Genetic Markers Work
Markers vary naturally between individuals. By comparing these differences, researchers can locate genes linked to traits, follow inheritance patterns, or study population genetics.
Examples of Genetic Markers
Different types of markers help answer different scientific questions.
- SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) used in ancestry tests
- Microsatellites for studying genetic variation
- Restriction sites used in older DNA mapping methods
- Gene-linked markers for identifying inherited conditions
Why Genetic Markers Matter
Genetic markers play a key role in medicine, conservation, and research. They help diagnose conditions, study evolution, analyze populations, and improve breeding programs.
Key Characteristics of Genetic Markers
- Show natural variation between individuals
- Help locate genes and track inheritance
- Useful in ancestry, forensics, and research
- Can be found throughout the genome
The Simple Takeaway
A genetic marker is a recognizable DNA feature used to identify genes or traits. It helps scientists study inheritance, variation, and the structure of populations.