Understanding What a Sinkhole Is
A sinkhole is a sudden hole or depression in the ground that forms when underground layers collapse. They can be small dips or large, deep openings.
How Sinkholes Form
Sinkholes usually appear when water dissolves rock beneath the surface. Over time, empty spaces grow until the ground above can no longer stay supported.
Main Causes of Sinkholes
Natural erosion: Water slowly dissolves limestone, gypsum, or salt beds.
Heavy rainfall: Excess water speeds up underground erosion.
Human activity: Burst pipes, mining, drilling, or construction can weaken the ground.
Where Sinkholes Commonly Occur
They are most common in areas with soft, dissolvable rock, especially:
Florida (USA)
China
Mexico
Mediterranean regions
Types of Sinkholes
Dissolution sinkholes: Form slowly as rock dissolves.
Cover-subsidence sinkholes: Develop gradually in sandy soils.
Cover-collapse sinkholes: Form suddenly and can be dangerous.
Why Sinkholes Matter
They can damage roads, buildings, and farmland. In nature, they can also create caves, lakes, and new habitats for wildlife.
How Scientists Detect Sinkholes
Ground-penetrating radar, soil studies, and monitoring water levels help experts identify weak spots before they collapse.
The Simple Takeaway
A sinkhole is a ground collapse caused by weakened underground rock. They form naturally or from human activity and can appear suddenly or slowly.