Understanding What an Earthquake Is
An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy inside Earth’s crust. This energy travels in waves and makes the surface vibrate.
Why Earthquakes Happen
Most earthquakes occur when tectonic plates move. Plates may grind, collide, or slide past each other, causing stress that eventually releases as an earthquake.
How Earthquakes Work
The point where the energy is released is called the focus. Directly above it on the surface is the epicenter, where shaking is usually strongest.
Types of Earthquake Waves
Seismic waves travel outward from the focus. Some move through the ground, while others ripple along Earth’s surface, creating strong shaking.
Where Earthquakes Occur
They commonly happen along tectonic plate boundaries, especially in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire. However, they can strike almost anywhere on Earth.
Effects of Earthquakes
Earthquakes can crack the ground, damage buildings, trigger landslides, or cause tsunamis. Smaller quakes may only be felt as light shaking.
The Simple Takeaway
An earthquake is a natural shaking of the ground caused by moving tectonic plates. It releases energy and can range from gentle tremors to powerful disasters.