Understanding DNA: The Simple Version
DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living things. It tells cells how to grow, function, and pass traits from one generation to the next.
What DNA Is Made Of
DNA is built from tiny units called nucleotides. Each one has three parts: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. The four bases—A, T, C, and G—form the “letters” of genetic code.
The Double Helix Structure
DNA looks like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of sugar and phosphate, while the rungs are base pairs: A matches with T, and C matches with G. This structure protects the genetic code.
How DNA Stores Information
The order of the bases acts like instructions. Different sequences tell cells how to make proteins, which are essential for life. Everything from eye color to enzyme production depends on these sequences.
How DNA Is Passed On
When cells divide, DNA makes a copy of itself. This allows organisms to grow, repair, and reproduce. The copying process is extremely accurate, but small mistakes—mutations—can occur and create variations.
The Simple Takeaway
DNA is the blueprint of life. It stores the information that makes you who you are and keeps every living organism functioning. Tiny, but incredibly powerful.