What Is DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) is a naming system that translates human-readable domain names—like example.com—into numerical IP addresses that computers use to locate websites and online services. DNS makes it possible to browse the internet without remembering long strings of numbers.
How DNS Works
When you type a domain name into your browser, your device sends a DNS query. A DNS resolver checks caches or contacts DNS servers to find the correct IP address. Once the address is returned, your device connects to the website’s server. This process happens in milliseconds.
Main Components of DNS
- DNS Resolver: Receives queries from your device and looks for answers.
- Root Servers: Direct queries to top-level domain servers.
- TLD Servers: Handle extensions like .com, .net, or .org.
- Authoritative Servers: Store official DNS records for a domain.
DNS Records Explained
- A Record: Points a domain to an IPv4 address.
- AAAA Record: Points a domain to an IPv6 address.
- CNAME: Redirects one domain to another domain.
- MX: Directs email to the correct mail server.
- TXT: Stores text data such as verification or security rules.
Why DNS Matters
DNS is essential for everyday internet use. It keeps websites reachable, supports email delivery, and enables online services to function smoothly. Without DNS, users would have to type IP addresses manually for every site they visit.
The Simple Takeaway
DNS is the system that converts easy-to-read domain names into IP addresses, allowing devices to find and load websites across the internet.